Urinary Calcium Creatinine Ratio and Association with Pre-Eclampsia

Author(s): Lizwana Nusrat Lia, Rezwan Sultana, Jasmin Ara Zaman, Fathima Sultana, Afreen Kabir Kheya

Background: Preeclampsia is a significant threat to the mother as well as the fetus. It forms deadly tried along with haemorrhage and infection and contributes significantly to maternal morbidity. Ra's complex pathophysiology remains unclear. An early prediction of preeclampsia with enabled accuracy is one of the essential prerequisites for its prevention. Aim of the study: This study aimed to diagnose the urinary calcium creatinine ratio and its association with preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control comparative study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021. Pregnant women with preeclampsia were selected as cases, and women with normal pregnancies were selected as controls in their third trimester for the study. Singleton pregnancies with the same gestational age were matched in case and control. Urinary calcium, creatinine levels and calcium creatinine ratio were measured in a urine sample for all 140 subjects. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Result: 140 pregnant women in their third trimester were involved, whereas 70 with preeclampsia and 70 with normal pregnancy were selected for the study. A significant difference between preeclampsia and the norm group was observed in the case of urinary calcium concentration (p<0.001), but urinary creatinine concentration did not show any significant difference. Similarly, the urinary calcium to creatinine ratio was significantly lower in preeclampsia than in the standard group (p<0.001). Regarding assessment, decreased urinary calcium level (OR: 22.37, 95% CI: 3.96-24.7, p-value 0.001) and decreased urinary calcium creatinine ratio level (OR: 25.13, 95% CI: 4.58-27.9, p-value <0.0 were found as independent risk factors for preeclampsia. Conclusion: The study revealed a decreased urinary calcium creatinine ratio in preeclampsia. So, the urinary calc creatinine ratio can be regarded as a predictor for preeclampsia