Public Health Consequences of Road Traffic Accident Patterns in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Analysis

Author(s): Anupam Saha, Alahi Khandaker, Shanta Saha, Fatema Begum, Khan Ishfar Bin Tarik, Most. Rifat Jahan Urmi

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represent a growing public health crisis in Bangladesh, accounting for significant mortality and morbidity. Despite increasing urbanization and motorization, comprehensive analyses of RTA patterns and their health impacts remain inadequate, hindering evidence-based interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological patterns of RTAs across Bangladesh, identifying high-risk regions, vehicles, and periods to inform targeted prevention strategies. Methods: We conducted a nationwide analysis of RTA data from the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) from January 2024 to December 2024. Data on accidents, injuries, and fatalities were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with calculation of region-specific fatality rates, vehicle-wise risk indices, and temporal trends.

Results: Dhaka recorded the highest accidents (1,191) and deaths (1,220), with an alarming 102.4 deaths/100 crashes. Chattogram led in injuries (2,035). June saw peak accidents (730), while April had the most deaths (632). Motorcycles dominated crashes (26.8%), while unclassified ‘other vehicles’ caused 56.3% of fatalities (306.7 deaths/100 accidents). Heavy vehicles accounted for 38% of accidents despite a 15% road presence. Protected vehicles (cars/ambulances) showed the lowest risks (2% fatalities).

Conclusion: This study identifies three priority areas for intervention: (1) improved safety measures for vulnerable motorcycle riders, (2) enhanced surveillance and regulation of unclassified vehicle categories, and (3) seasonal traffic management strategies. The findings provide a robust evidence base for policymakers to develop targeted RTA prevention programs in Bangladesh.