Microbiota Metabolites Affecting Host Diseases and Welfare

Author(s): Annie Fang, Igor F Tsigelny, Valentina L Kouznetsova

The microbiome is a community of over 100 trillion micro-organisms living together in a particular habitat. Recently, because many studies have shown a significant correlation between the microbiome and the host’s health and pathogenesis of diseases like Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), research on the microbiome has surged in popularity. Special attention has been paid to the microbiome present in the gastrointestinal tract because it is the largest, most diverse, and controlling of digestion. In this review, we analyze the benefits of a healthy microbiome and the causes and effects of microbiome dysbiosis. Furthermore, we elucidate how lifestyle factors like diet and exercise affect the microbiome’s microbial composition, its production of metabolites, and their relationship with disease. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge in this field.

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