Laparoscopic and Hysteroscopic Evaluation of Female Infertility: A Tertiary Level Hospital Study in Bangladesh

Author(s): Dr. Benozir Haque Panna, Prof. Dr. Sehereen F. Siddiqua, Prof. Dr. Ferdousi Islam Lipi, Dr. Sharmin Abbasi, Dr. Prianka Poddar

Background:

Infertility, one of the most common conditions confronting gynecologists, is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. In recent years, laparoscopy along with hysteroscopy has been considered a prominent tool in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the laparoscopic and hysteroscopic evaluation of female infertility.

Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from 26 March 2021 to 21 July 2022. A total of 56 infertile female patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy along with hysteroscopy after basic infertility workup were enrolled in this study as study subjects purposively. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by using the MS Excel program.

Results:

Among the total participants, 64% were with primary and 36% were with secondary infertility. In laparoscopic diagnosis, out of 36 cases of primary infertility, adhesions were found in 14 (39%) patients, and out of 20 cases of secondary infertility, adhesions were found in 6 patients (30%). Through laparoscopy, uterine abnormalities like bicornuate uterus (n=2), unicornuate uterus (n=1), and fibroid uterus (n=1) were found in some cases of primary infertility group patients only. Hysteroscopic findings: 69.6% normal, 32.1% endometrial polyps, 30.4% adhesions, 17.9% chronic endometritis, 10.7% intrauterine septum, 7.1% T-shaped uterus, 5.4% submucous myoma.

Conclusion:

In female infertility cases, primary infertility is the most common, and many women may not have adhesions. Laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy is a safe, cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluating the cause of infertility in women.