Iron Deficiency Anaemia in 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy (from 28 weeks to the end of 40 weeks): Effect on Maternal and Foetal Outcome

Author(s): Dr. Kazi Farhana Begum, Dr. Md. Abul Kenan, Dr. Mehera Parveen, Dr. Nigar Sultana, Dr. Farah Noor, Prof. Dr. Fahmida Zabin, Dr. Hasna Hena Pervin

Introduction:

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common deficiency worldwide, particularly affecting pregnant women. During pregnancy, the demand of iron increases significantly to support fetal development, increased maternal blood volume, and the placenta, making pregnant women more susceptible to iron deficiency anemia, especially in the third trimester when the demand is highest.

Aim of the study:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the third trimester of pregnancy on maternal and foetal outcome.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted over a one-year period from 2022 to 2023 at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Iron deficiency anemia was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels.

Results:

Significant associations were found between iron deficiency anemia and foetal and maternal outcome. Preterm birth rates were 12.5%, 25.0%, and 40.0% for mild, moderate, and severe IDA, respectively (p = 0.001). Postpartum hemorrhage rates increased from 4.2% in mild to 30.0% in severe IDA (p = 0.002). Cesarean delivery rates were 16.7% for mild and 50.0% for severe IDA (p = 0.003). Hospital stay duration also increased with IDA severity. Neonatal outcomes showed a higher incidence of low birth weight, lower Apgar scores, and increased NICU admissions with severe iron deficiency anemia.

Conclusion:

Severe iron deficiency anemia during the third trimester is associated with increased risks of preterm birth, postpartum hemorrhage, cesarean delivery, prolonged hospital stay, and adverse neonatal outcomes. Effective management of iron deficiency anemia is crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health.