Antibiogram and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from A Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Author(s): Mahfuza Nasrin, Most. Fahmida Begum, Farha Rahman, Rezina Karim, Mohammad Moniruzzaman Bhuiyan, Noshin Nawal, Md. Shah Alam, Mohammad Julhas Sujan
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, posing a serious threat to the effective treatment of infectious diseases. This study aimed to identify bacterial isolates among various clinical samples and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. This observational study was carried out from January to December, 2023 in the Department of Microbiology at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Clinical samples were collected from both outpatients and inpatients who visited the hospital within the study period. The specimens included urine, stool, sputum and blood samples, as well as swabs from wounds, ears and the vaginal area. These samples were sent to the microbiology laboratory for processing, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Standard microbiological protocols were followed. Among 8554 clinical samples only 941 (11%) yielded bacterial growth. Out of culture-positive cases, Escherichia coli was the most predominant one which accounted for 397 (42.19%) of all the bacterial isolates, followed by Salmonella Typhi 174 (18.49%) and Klebsiella species 142 (15.10%). In case of Escherichia coli increased level of susceptibility were observed in case of meropenem 97%, nitrofurantoin 83%, amikacin 82%, gentamicin 80% and piperacillin-tazobactam 75% respectively. In case of Klebsiella species elevated level of sensitivity were seen in case of meropenem 85%, amikacin 78% and gentamicin 70% respectively. All the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of cephalosporins showed reduce level of sensitivity in case of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. All the isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi were susceptible to ceftriaxone and meropenem. Almost all the strains of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Gram-positive organisms observed increased level of sensitivity towards linezolid, vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. In conclusion, the study highlights the concerning trends in antimicrobial resistance among bacterial isolates, emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance, antibiogram, rational antibiotic use and the implementation of effective infection control measures to combat this growing public health threat.